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Quarterly Scarlet Fever Rate for Pediatric PatientsExpand
Cosmos Study

Scarlet Fever Rates Rose Sharply After the Pandemic and Were Associated with Higher Complication Risk Than Strep Throat Alone

Scarlet fever diagnoses among pediatric patients dropped sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic and then surged well above pre-pandemic levels, peaking around 47 per 100,000 pediatric patients who had a visit in Q1 2023 and Q1 2024, nearly double the pre-pandemic seasonal peak of 24 per 100,000 in Q1 2019. By Q1 2025, the peak was down to 18.9 per 100,000.

Dual-Team Study|May 26, 2026

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Surgical Site Infection Likelihood After Knee ReplacementExpand
Cosmos Study

Preoperative Weight Change Associated with Higher Likelihood of Complications After Hip and Knee Replacement

Most patients who lost weight before hip or knee replacement had a higher likelihood of surgical site infection and mechanical failure than patients in the same starting BMI class whose weight remained stable. For infection, the likelihood increased with each level of loss, reaching more than six times as likely among overweight patients who lost 20% or more before knee replacement.

Dual-Team Study|May 14, 2026


Quarterly Rate of Low-Dose Aspirin per Primary Care EncounterExpand
Cosmos Study

Low-Dose Aspirin Usage for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Has Fallen by More Than Half Since 2018

The proportion of primary care encounters with low-dose aspirin on the medication list fell by more than half, from a peak of 7.4% in mid-2018 to 3.2% by the end of 2025, among patients without a history that warrants low-dose aspirin for secondary prevention. The decline was observed across all demographic subgroups. Adults aged 80+ still had the highest prevalence at 5.7%.

Dual-Team Study|April 16, 2026

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